Monday, May 26, 2014
Thursday, November 21, 2013
Stop Violence against Women
The
social issue that these ads try to tackle is a very important one and
something we must take seriously as a society. And if this is what it
takes to bring the issue to the forefront, then so be it.
Violence against women in India is an issue rooted in societal norms and economic dependence. Discriminatory practices are underlined by laws favoring men. Inadequate policing and judicial practices deny female victims proper protection and justice. Although female participation in public life is increasing and laws have been amended, India still has a long way to go to make Indian women equal citizens in their own country.
Introduction
The issue of violence against women in India was brought to the forefront after the brutal gang-rape of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi on 16 December 2012. The December incident led to a sudden outpouring of anger and frustration about the situation that allowed such attacks to take place. People took to the streets in large numbers calling for change. But the issues involved are complex and deeply rooted. The challenges Indian women face include an often misogynistic society outdated and sometimes repressive governance structures, an inefficient legal justice system, a weak rule of law and social and political structures that are heavily male-centric.
Violence against Women Begins at Home
Copyright by FNF It is difficult and potentially misleading to make a culture-based argument about the problems that women face in India because of the size and diversity of the country. There is no one culture that is either exclusively Indian, or covers the whole population residing within its borders. Generalizations that ignore even one percent of the population leave more than ten million people out of the calculation. Thus the situation of women varies within India. Especially women from the north-eastern provinces as well as in the south tend to be in a better position. Their share of the female work force, especially in the service sector seems to be quite high. Moreover, they are considered to be more visible and active in the public sphere. Moreover regressive social codes that disproportionately penalize women are not unique to India, and have been a social hurdle in all countries when it came to extending political, legal, and economic rights to women.
Nevertheless some numbers clearly indicate a large problem in Indian society’s attitude of women at the macro level. According to the 2011 census the sex ratio between men and women indicates 940 women to a 1000 men which is a definite improvement over the 2001 census where the ratio was 933:1000. However, India still has one of the lowest sex ratios on the world with approximately 35 million women "missing". The highest number of missing women at birth is in the north-western states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana, etc. Research indicates that 12% of this gap is found at birth which increased to 25% in childhood1.
Some of the widely regarded key explanations for this missing number are sex-selective abortion and possible neglect of young girls during infancy indicating a high preference for male children rather than female children2.
This preference for boys is also evident in the gender gap in the literacy rate in the 2011 census which shows that 82% of males and 65% of females are literate. The difference of 17% indicates that many Indian parents still believe that educating the sons takes precedence over daughters while allocating family resources. Nevertheless, it is considerable improvement over previous census data where the gap was 27% (1981), 25% (1991), and 22% (2001).
Much of the violence against Indian women is in the form of domestic violence, dowry deaths, acid attacks, honor killings, rape, abduction, and cruelty by husbands and in-laws. One of the key challenges is dowry – a practice of the bride’s family giving gifts of cash and kind to the groom and his family. In some cases the groom’s family mistreats the bride if such demands are not met. To protect women against this threat the Indian government had enacted the Dowry Prohibition Act and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and cruelty under Sec 498A of the Indian Penal Code. In 2012, according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), dowry deaths – or murders of women by the groom or in-laws because of unmet high dowry expectations – constituted 3.4% of all crimes against women. In other words, last year in India on average 22 women were killed per day because their families could not meet dowry demands.
The NCRB statistics indicate that an Indian woman is most unsafe in her marital home with 43.6% of all crimes against women being "cruelty" inflicted by her husband and relatives. These numbers do not include incidences of marital rape, as India does not recognize marital rape as an offence3. Of the 24,923 rape incidences in India in 2012, 98% of the offenders were known to the victim4, which is higher than the global average of approximately 90%. This may also mean that children – boys and girls – in India grow up in a situation where they see violence against women as the norm.
An Upsurge in Crime or Upsurge in Reporting on Crime?
The distribution pattern of crimes against women has not changed much in the last few years, but between 2001 and 2011 the overall number of incidents of crime against women rose steadily, and was 59% higher than in 2001.
Copyright by FNF These figures are, at best, indicative. Rape and violence against women are among the most under-reported crimes worldwide because of the social stigma attached to the nature of the crime. The UN Office on Drugs and Crimes records that in 2010 there were only 1.8 cases of rape5 reported per thousand people in India; in Germany it was 9.4, in Norway the figure was 19.2, in the United States it was 27.3 and in Sweden it was 63.5 per thousand. It is legitimate to question whether these figures represent the number of crimes, or how easy it is for women in these countries to report them to the police.
In India, where the culprits are largely known to the victim, the social and economic "costs" of reporting such crimes are high. General economic dependence on their families and fear of social ostracization act as significant disincentives for a woman to report any kind of sexual violence or abuse. Therefore the actual incidence of violence against women in India is probably much higher than the data suggests.
Another barrier to reporting is the unwillingness of police officials to register complaints. If the case is lodged, sub-standard investigative procedures and low conviction rates strengthen the impression that there is little benefit in reporting the crime. Moreover, most police in India function within the framework of the Police Act of 1861 which emphasizes enforcing order rather than upholding rights. Therefore, if a police station registers many crimes within its jurisdiction, it is considered to be incapable of enforcing law and order. This perception is a severe disincentive for a police officer to record a crime in his jurisdiction, especially if the crime is seen as "less important".
The presence of more women police officers might help in dealing with the problems most women encounter in reporting cases of rape, violence or harassment. Unfortunately there are only 84,479 women police personnel in India, constituting only 5.33% of the total police force. Nevertheless the one positive note is that the NCRB noted that 72.2% of the total registered cases of crimes against women in 2010 were investigated by 2011, making for a strong argument that if a case is registered by the police it is likely to be investigated and disposed of.
The Nirbhaya6 effect
On 23 December 2011 the Indian Government set up the Justice Verma Committee to propose amendments to criminal law dealing with sexual offences. A month later, Justice Verma submitted its report recommending wider inclusion to the definition of rape, changes to the medico-legal examination procedures of the rape victim and the prosecution of members of armed forces/uniformed personnel under ordinary criminal law in the case of rape.
In response the Parliament passed the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 which provides for amendment of the Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure. It also enacted the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prohibition, Prevention and Redressal) Act 2013, 16 years after the Supreme Court directed the Indian Government to provide legal framework to deal with the issue of sexual harassment.7
Some of the positive measures in these amendments included recognizing acid attacks, sexual harassment, voyeurism, stalking and trafficking of persons as criminal acts under the amendments to the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Five exclusive fast track courts were set up to deal with cases of sexual violence against women. Additionally a women’s distress helpline number, 1091 was launched in various Indian cities.
Unfortunately the incorporation of the majority of Justice Verma recommendations into the criminal law amendments is not enough to change the fundamentals that drive anti-women discrimination. Stories of harassment, the rape of women – including of children as young as five or six years of age – and governmental incompetence or apathy continue to make their way into the front pages of Indian newspapers on a regular basis.
Laws on paper give little protection, if they are not enforced effectively.
Violence against women in India is an issue rooted in societal norms and economic dependence. Discriminatory practices are underlined by laws favoring men. Inadequate policing and judicial practices deny female victims proper protection and justice. Although female participation in public life is increasing and laws have been amended, India still has a long way to go to make Indian women equal citizens in their own country.
Introduction
The issue of violence against women in India was brought to the forefront after the brutal gang-rape of a 23-year-old woman in Delhi on 16 December 2012. The December incident led to a sudden outpouring of anger and frustration about the situation that allowed such attacks to take place. People took to the streets in large numbers calling for change. But the issues involved are complex and deeply rooted. The challenges Indian women face include an often misogynistic society outdated and sometimes repressive governance structures, an inefficient legal justice system, a weak rule of law and social and political structures that are heavily male-centric.
Violence against Women Begins at Home
Copyright by FNF It is difficult and potentially misleading to make a culture-based argument about the problems that women face in India because of the size and diversity of the country. There is no one culture that is either exclusively Indian, or covers the whole population residing within its borders. Generalizations that ignore even one percent of the population leave more than ten million people out of the calculation. Thus the situation of women varies within India. Especially women from the north-eastern provinces as well as in the south tend to be in a better position. Their share of the female work force, especially in the service sector seems to be quite high. Moreover, they are considered to be more visible and active in the public sphere. Moreover regressive social codes that disproportionately penalize women are not unique to India, and have been a social hurdle in all countries when it came to extending political, legal, and economic rights to women.
Nevertheless some numbers clearly indicate a large problem in Indian society’s attitude of women at the macro level. According to the 2011 census the sex ratio between men and women indicates 940 women to a 1000 men which is a definite improvement over the 2001 census where the ratio was 933:1000. However, India still has one of the lowest sex ratios on the world with approximately 35 million women "missing". The highest number of missing women at birth is in the north-western states of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana, etc. Research indicates that 12% of this gap is found at birth which increased to 25% in childhood1.
Some of the widely regarded key explanations for this missing number are sex-selective abortion and possible neglect of young girls during infancy indicating a high preference for male children rather than female children2.
This preference for boys is also evident in the gender gap in the literacy rate in the 2011 census which shows that 82% of males and 65% of females are literate. The difference of 17% indicates that many Indian parents still believe that educating the sons takes precedence over daughters while allocating family resources. Nevertheless, it is considerable improvement over previous census data where the gap was 27% (1981), 25% (1991), and 22% (2001).
Much of the violence against Indian women is in the form of domestic violence, dowry deaths, acid attacks, honor killings, rape, abduction, and cruelty by husbands and in-laws. One of the key challenges is dowry – a practice of the bride’s family giving gifts of cash and kind to the groom and his family. In some cases the groom’s family mistreats the bride if such demands are not met. To protect women against this threat the Indian government had enacted the Dowry Prohibition Act and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act and cruelty under Sec 498A of the Indian Penal Code. In 2012, according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), dowry deaths – or murders of women by the groom or in-laws because of unmet high dowry expectations – constituted 3.4% of all crimes against women. In other words, last year in India on average 22 women were killed per day because their families could not meet dowry demands.
The NCRB statistics indicate that an Indian woman is most unsafe in her marital home with 43.6% of all crimes against women being "cruelty" inflicted by her husband and relatives. These numbers do not include incidences of marital rape, as India does not recognize marital rape as an offence3. Of the 24,923 rape incidences in India in 2012, 98% of the offenders were known to the victim4, which is higher than the global average of approximately 90%. This may also mean that children – boys and girls – in India grow up in a situation where they see violence against women as the norm.
An Upsurge in Crime or Upsurge in Reporting on Crime?
The distribution pattern of crimes against women has not changed much in the last few years, but between 2001 and 2011 the overall number of incidents of crime against women rose steadily, and was 59% higher than in 2001.
Copyright by FNF These figures are, at best, indicative. Rape and violence against women are among the most under-reported crimes worldwide because of the social stigma attached to the nature of the crime. The UN Office on Drugs and Crimes records that in 2010 there were only 1.8 cases of rape5 reported per thousand people in India; in Germany it was 9.4, in Norway the figure was 19.2, in the United States it was 27.3 and in Sweden it was 63.5 per thousand. It is legitimate to question whether these figures represent the number of crimes, or how easy it is for women in these countries to report them to the police.
In India, where the culprits are largely known to the victim, the social and economic "costs" of reporting such crimes are high. General economic dependence on their families and fear of social ostracization act as significant disincentives for a woman to report any kind of sexual violence or abuse. Therefore the actual incidence of violence against women in India is probably much higher than the data suggests.
Another barrier to reporting is the unwillingness of police officials to register complaints. If the case is lodged, sub-standard investigative procedures and low conviction rates strengthen the impression that there is little benefit in reporting the crime. Moreover, most police in India function within the framework of the Police Act of 1861 which emphasizes enforcing order rather than upholding rights. Therefore, if a police station registers many crimes within its jurisdiction, it is considered to be incapable of enforcing law and order. This perception is a severe disincentive for a police officer to record a crime in his jurisdiction, especially if the crime is seen as "less important".
The presence of more women police officers might help in dealing with the problems most women encounter in reporting cases of rape, violence or harassment. Unfortunately there are only 84,479 women police personnel in India, constituting only 5.33% of the total police force. Nevertheless the one positive note is that the NCRB noted that 72.2% of the total registered cases of crimes against women in 2010 were investigated by 2011, making for a strong argument that if a case is registered by the police it is likely to be investigated and disposed of.
The Nirbhaya6 effect
On 23 December 2011 the Indian Government set up the Justice Verma Committee to propose amendments to criminal law dealing with sexual offences. A month later, Justice Verma submitted its report recommending wider inclusion to the definition of rape, changes to the medico-legal examination procedures of the rape victim and the prosecution of members of armed forces/uniformed personnel under ordinary criminal law in the case of rape.
In response the Parliament passed the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act 2013 which provides for amendment of the Indian Penal Code, Indian Evidence Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure. It also enacted the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prohibition, Prevention and Redressal) Act 2013, 16 years after the Supreme Court directed the Indian Government to provide legal framework to deal with the issue of sexual harassment.7
Some of the positive measures in these amendments included recognizing acid attacks, sexual harassment, voyeurism, stalking and trafficking of persons as criminal acts under the amendments to the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Five exclusive fast track courts were set up to deal with cases of sexual violence against women. Additionally a women’s distress helpline number, 1091 was launched in various Indian cities.
Unfortunately the incorporation of the majority of Justice Verma recommendations into the criminal law amendments is not enough to change the fundamentals that drive anti-women discrimination. Stories of harassment, the rape of women – including of children as young as five or six years of age – and governmental incompetence or apathy continue to make their way into the front pages of Indian newspapers on a regular basis.
Laws on paper give little protection, if they are not enforced effectively.
Monday, June 3, 2013
General Knowledge Questions of the Day
General Knowledge Questions of the Day
1. Diabetes Day is observed on?
1) November 14
2) May 14
3) July14
4) June 14
5) October 14
2. Budapest is the capital city of?
1) Romania
2) Ireland
3) Latvia
4) Hungary
5) Lithuania
3. The decimal coinage system was introduced in India in?
1) 1951
2) 1960
3) 1957
4) 1955
5) 1952
4. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in?
1) 1969
2) 1980
3) 1955
4) 1975
5) 1982
5. Which of the following is nuclear capable submarine launched ballistic missile?
1) Prithvi
2) Agni I
3) Shourya
4) Sagarika
5) None of these
6. The Banking Ombudsman?
1) Fixes the rates of interest for loans
2) Is in charge of bank loans
3) Resolves complaints of customers
4) Issues licenses for new bank branches
5) None of these
7. Who among the following Indian authors was short listed for the 2013 Man Booker International Prize?
1) Arvind Adiga
2) Amitav Ghosh
3) Jeet Thayil
4) U.R.Ananthamurthy
5) Salman Rushdie
8. Roland Garros is associated with which of the following Grand Slam events of Lawn Tennis?
1) Australian Open
2) French Open
3) Wimbledon
4) US Open
5) None of these
9. Kisan Divas (Farmers' Day) is celebrated on?
1) March 23
2) June 23
3) December 23
4) September 23
5) April 23
10. Which of the following is not a food grain?
1) Rice
2) Maize
3) Wheat
4) Cotton
5) Jowar
11. Which of the following is not associated with the life insurance business in India?
1) LIC
2) Tata AIG
3) IDBI Fortis
4) Bajaj Allianz
5) GE Money
12. Which of the following indexes is developed to measure life expectancy, level of literacy and standard of living of people in a country?
1) Sensex
2) Nifty
3) Inflation
4) HDI
5) WPI
1) November 14
2) May 14
3) July14
4) June 14
5) October 14
2. Budapest is the capital city of?
1) Romania
2) Ireland
3) Latvia
4) Hungary
5) Lithuania
3. The decimal coinage system was introduced in India in?
1) 1951
2) 1960
3) 1957
4) 1955
5) 1952
4. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) were established in?
1) 1969
2) 1980
3) 1955
4) 1975
5) 1982
5. Which of the following is nuclear capable submarine launched ballistic missile?
1) Prithvi
2) Agni I
3) Shourya
4) Sagarika
5) None of these
6. The Banking Ombudsman?
1) Fixes the rates of interest for loans
2) Is in charge of bank loans
3) Resolves complaints of customers
4) Issues licenses for new bank branches
5) None of these
7. Who among the following Indian authors was short listed for the 2013 Man Booker International Prize?
1) Arvind Adiga
2) Amitav Ghosh
3) Jeet Thayil
4) U.R.Ananthamurthy
5) Salman Rushdie
8. Roland Garros is associated with which of the following Grand Slam events of Lawn Tennis?
1) Australian Open
2) French Open
3) Wimbledon
4) US Open
5) None of these
9. Kisan Divas (Farmers' Day) is celebrated on?
1) March 23
2) June 23
3) December 23
4) September 23
5) April 23
10. Which of the following is not a food grain?
1) Rice
2) Maize
3) Wheat
4) Cotton
5) Jowar
11. Which of the following is not associated with the life insurance business in India?
1) LIC
2) Tata AIG
3) IDBI Fortis
4) Bajaj Allianz
5) GE Money
12. Which of the following indexes is developed to measure life expectancy, level of literacy and standard of living of people in a country?
1) Sensex
2) Nifty
3) Inflation
4) HDI
5) WPI
Monday, April 29, 2013
सरकार डर क्यों रही है?
लद्दाख में चीन ने एक और टेंट गाड़ा
यहां मिली जानकारी के मुताबिक चीन ने
नए टेंट लद्दाख में बुर्त्से से 70 किलोमीटर दक्षिण में गाड़े हैं। इन टेंटों पर चीनी
सेना ने अंग्रेजी में लिखा है कि आप चीन के इलाके में हैं। सूत्रों ने बताया कि चीनी
सैनिक ए के एसॉल्ट राइफ लों से लैस हैं। सूत्रों के मुताबिक चीनी सेना ने ये अतिरिक्त
टेंट दो फ्लैग मीटिंग के बेनतीजा होने के बाद लगाए हैं।
सूत्रों के मुताबिक भारत तिब्बत सीमा पुलिस के जवानों द्वारा देखे जाने की वजह से चीनी सैनिकों ने कुछ पीछे हट कर अपने टेंट लगाए, जो कि वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा से 19 किलोमीटर पीछे है।
सूत्रों के मुताबिक भारत तिब्बत सीमा पुलिस के जवानों द्वारा देखे जाने की वजह से चीनी सैनिकों ने कुछ पीछे हट कर अपने टेंट लगाए, जो कि वास्तविक नियंत्रण रेखा से 19 किलोमीटर पीछे है।
अब चीन भारत
मे गुस चुका
है और भारत
की सरकार अभी
तक कुछ नही
कर रही, नॉर्थ
कोरिया से कुछ
सीखना चाहिये भारत
सरकार को.
चीन के पुराने
मनचित्र को देखिये.
और अब नया
मनचित्र देखिये कहा तब
घुस गया है चीन
:-(
What you want to say about the Indian govt.
For news in detail click here
Friday, November 9, 2012
Rangoli
Diwali Rangoli Rivalry Held At Altivolus Infotech.
Altivolus organized the rangoli competition for their employees
and all the employee participated with joy..
Rangoli design By the employees of Altivolus.
Friday, October 26, 2012
Chandrashekhar Azad was a great Indian freedom fighter.
सहीद चन्द्र शेखर आज़ाद उन्नाव की शान
सहीद चन्द्र शेखर आज़ाद का जन्म उन्नाव जिले में हुवा था, ये हमारे लिए बड़ी गर्व की बात है l उन्होंने देश के अपनी जान की भी परवाह नहीं की, ऐसे सहीद देश भक्त का जन्म उन्नाव में हुवा ये बात उन्नाव वासियो के लिए गर्व की है l पर आज उन्नाव की एक मात्र प्रतिमा जो सहीद आज़ाद की याद में बनवाई गई थी, बुरे हाल में है l दोस्तों इस पोस्ट को जितना हो सके शेयर करो l उस देश भक्त ने देश ले लिए जान दी थी हम उनकी स्मारक को इस हाल में नहीं देख सकते l
नीचे कुछ ताज़ा लिए गए चित्रों को जरूर देखिये l
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Wednesday, October 17, 2012
Discount coupons and cash back offers.
Great cashback offers & discount coupons.
The thing with online shopping is that you can always get a better deal, no mater what product or service you may be looking for. The overwhelming number of retailers on the internet may present you with a perplexing challenge. So it is important to identify the best retailer to get the best deal possible on nay product. While you may think finding the best deals online is a herculean task, it is actually not so.
Like physical stores, online stores also want their customers to keep coming back and for this purpose they offer rebates, discounts and utilize many other tactics. You can explore the realm of social shopping to make great savings on your purchases. Many online retailers give access to exclusive discount codes and deals through their pages on social networking sites. You can also subscribe to your favorite retailer’s page to get access to some amazing deals and discounts.
To get better discounts, all you need to do is actively look for new avenues to find better deals. There are also many Group shopping sites which allows people to buy products at wholesale prices. These sites aggregate people looking for the same product and then offer that product at an unbelievably low price. You can also look for special discount codes and coupons at shopping communities and forums. There are also many coupon sites that accumulate discount codes for major shopping portals. Subscribing to mails from retailers can also grant you a dedicated access to discount codes and other special deals. It might also bode well in your favor to explore the realm of cashback shopping.
Major online retailers also offer a certain commission amount for referring customers to them. Now there are many sites that pass on this commission back to the customer. The amount returned on a certain deal or purchase is termed as cashback. There are many cashback stores which provide cashback for shopping online. These stores aggregate all retailers on which cashback is applicable.
You can find a wide range of special cashback offers which you can pairwith additional discounts too on cashback sites. When it comes to apparel and fashion accessories, your options may get limited according to your preferences. You can opt to make two accounts with the same online store and use one sparsely. Most online retailers offer special coupons for customers who do not shop frequently. You can get access to special discounts and offers by merely making an extra account with the retailer.
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